منابع مشابه
Opioid-induced hypogonadism: why and how to treat it.
BACKGROUND Gonadal hormones are critical factors in modulating the experience of pain, as suggested by the several sex differences observed: women have a greater risk of many clinical pain conditions, and postoperative and procedural pain may be more severe in them than in men. A growing body of literature demonstrates the role of estrogen in the female pain experience, whereas less attention h...
متن کاملThe Role of Testosterone Supplemental Therapy in Opioid-Induced Hypogonadism: A Retrospective Pilot Analysis
Chronic opioid therapy for pain management is known to induce several endocrine changes. The authors examined the effect of testosterone supplemental therapy (TST) in patients with chronic, noncancer pain undergoing opioid therapy. It was hypothesized that treatment of opioid-induced hypogonadism (OIH) can reduce opioid requirements in patients suffering from chronic pain and approve their qual...
متن کاملOpioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH).
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Opioids are commonly used for pain control; however, they can cause hyperalgesia. The reason why this can happen is not known. The objective of this review was to describe the mechanisms, factors implicated, and drug modulation. CONTENTS The factors implicated in the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), such as duration of use, dose, and type of opioids ...
متن کاملOpioid-induced endocrinopathy.
Debilitating chronic nonmalignant pain is often managed using opioid medications. However, with increased use of this drug class comes concern about adverse effects on patients' endocrine function. In the present review, the authors discuss opioid-induced interference with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, effects on adrenal androgen production, and endocrine deficiency. In addition, the...
متن کاملOpioid Induced Hyperalgesia
Introduction Pain is one of the main reasons that people seek medical attention, and it is estimated to affect tens of millions of Americans. Chronic pain management commonly includes the use of opioid type medications. This is in spite of that fact that this class of drugs has well known adverse effects including the development of dependence, tolerance, and addiction. Recently, however, a tro...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c4462